SS 1 Biology

The eyes are remarkable sensory organs that grant us the ability to see, offering a rich perception of the world around us.   Key Facts About The Eyes: Complex Anatomy: The human eye comprises various components that collaborate to capture and process visual information, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, and optic nerve. Cornea: […]

Food production relies on various factors, including the government’s role in agricultural activities, environmental conditions essential for food production, methods to enhance crop yield, and the consequences of food shortage on population size. The role of government encompasses the provision of agro-chemicals, financial assistance, high-quality planting materials, tractors, extension services, river basin authorities, storage and

A pest is an organism that hosts disease organisms or causes damage to other organisms. There are crop pests, such as insects like grasshoppers, mealy bugs, myriads, beetles, birds, and mammals (such as rodents), and livestock pests, including ectoparasites like ticks and mites, and endoparasites like liver flukes, roundworms, and tapeworms. Additionally, there are plant

Plant Classification Plants exhibit diverse forms and types, necessitating classification based on various criteria. The following are the bases for plant classification:   Botanical Classification: The principle of binomial nomenclature subdivides the plant kingdom into divisions, classes, orders, families, genera, and species, based on structures, functions, and evolutionary trends. Plants are generally grouped into three

Control Of Harmful Micro-Organisms The management of harmful microbes involves employing physical agents/processes and chemical agents or antibiotics to achieve removal, growth inhibition, or killing. Common methods to control harmful microorganisms for the maintenance of good health include: High and low temperature: Boiling or heating food, pasteurizing milk, sterilizing medical instruments, and freezing food to

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), also known as venereal diseases, are contracted through sexual intercourse. Examples include syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, thrush, AIDS, etc. The following information outlines various STIs, their causative organisms, symptoms, and prevention/control measures.   Gonorrhea Causative Organism: Bacterium (Neisseria gonorrhea) Symptoms: Burning sensation during urination in males Thick yellowish discharge in males Pain

Bacteria undergo reproduction through a process known as binary fission, where a single cell divides into two. This method is referred to as asexual reproduction. The time it takes for a cell to divide into two is termed the generation time, which varies among different organisms based on factors such as nutrient availability, temperature, gaseous

Micro-organisms, also known as microbes or germs, are living entities that cannot be observed with the naked eye but require microscopes for visibility. They are omnipresent, inhabiting various environments such as water, air, soil, surfaces of objects, and within living organisms. Air currents carry them from the Earth’s surface to the upper atmosphere, and they

Types Of Associations And Their Features Symbiosis Or Mutualism (+ +) Mutualism or symbiosis occurs when both populations benefit, and at least one is so dependent on the other for a critical resource or function that it cannot survive in the given environment without the other species. Examples include: Lichen: Formed through a mutualistic association

Feeding Relationships Living organisms rely on obtaining energy and nutrients from their environment to survive, categorizing them into feeding relationships. This categorization results in three major groups within a biotic community: producers (autotrophs), consumers (heterotrophs), and decomposers.   Autotrophs, such as grasses, trees, and seaweeds, serve as a food source for organisms within terrestrial and

Population Characteristics Population characteristics encompass various factors such as population size, density, frequency, percentage cover, and distribution. Population size: The count of organisms of the same species coexisting in a specified area at a given time. Population density: The number of individuals of a particular species per unit area or volume of the habitat. It

Biomes are extensive natural terrestrial ecosystems distinguished by their predominant vegetation. The composition of plant life, including factors like densely packed tall trees in a forest biome or scattered shrubs in a savanna biome, characterizes these terrestrial ecosystems. The type of vegetation present in a biome is determined by climatic elements such as rainfall, relative

Animal Nutrition Animals generally lack the ability to produce their own food and depend either directly or indirectly on plants for sustenance, classifying them as heterotrophs. Animals are categorized into three groups based on their dietary preferences: Carnivores: Feed on flesh or other animals (e.g., lions). Herbivores: Feed on plants (e.g., goats). Omnivores: Feed on

Irritability And Response Types   Irritability denotes the capacity of organisms to react to stimuli, where stimuli refer to alterations in external or internal environmental conditions capable of influencing the activity of the entire organism or specific parts.   The term “response” characterizes the changes in the organism’s activity. Three primary response types exist: taxis

Reproduction In Amoeba Amoeba undergoes asexual reproduction through binary fission and multiple fission (sporulation) in adverse conditions.   In binary fission, when Amoeba reaches full size, it ceases movement and divides into two equal parts, starting from the nucleus. Subsequently, the cytoplasm undergoes division, resulting in the formation of two daughter amoebae.   During multiple