Exploring the Dynamics of Nigerian Federalism:

Federal Arrangement: Nigeria functions as a federal republic, distributing authority between the central administration and its 36 constituent states. The federal government handles national affairs like defense and foreign relations, while states retain control over certain areas within their borders.
Codified Constitution: Nigeria possesses a written constitution delineating the roles and powers of the federal government, states, and other political entities. This foundational document serves as the ultimate legal authority, guiding the allocation of powers between federal and state entities.
Power Allocation: Nigerian federalism operates through the allocation of powers between the central government and states. The constitution specifies exclusive federal powers, concurrent powers shared by both levels, and residual powers left to the states, aiming to strike a balance between centralization and decentralization.
Dual Legislative Chambers: Nigeria’s legislature comprises two chambers – the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house). This setup ensures representation from both federal and state levels, enabling diverse perspectives and interests to be heard.
Fiscal Distribution: Fiscal federalism is pivotal in Nigeria, with the federal government collecting revenue, particularly from oil and gas, and redistributing it among states. Periodic reviews of the revenue-sharing formula aim to ensure equity and address varying state needs.
State Sovereignty: Nigerian federalism upholds the autonomy and self-governance of its constituent states, each with its government led by a governor. States wield authority over sectors like education, healthcare, and infrastructure within their boundaries.
Judicial Independence: An independent judiciary acts as a watchdog over federal and state powers, ensuring adherence to the constitution and resolving disputes. This judiciary plays a crucial role in interpreting and enforcing laws.
Unitary State Legislature: While the federal level adopts a bicameral system, most states in Nigeria operate with a unicameral legislature, typically known as the House of Assembly. This structure facilitates local decision-making and representation.
State Formation: Nigerian federalism allows for the creation and merging of states, accommodating regional aspirations and fostering inclusivity among diverse ethnic groups.
Intergovernmental Cooperation: Collaboration between federal and state entities is encouraged through mechanisms like the National Economic Council, promoting policy discussions and coordinated development efforts.

It’s worth noting that Nigerian federalism has evolved over time, undergoing debates and revisions that shape its implementation and effectiveness.