Nationalism

Defining Nationalism:

K.B.C. Onwubiko defines nationalism as “the patriotic sentiment or activity on the part of groups of Africans held together by the bonds of common language and common historic experience to assert their right to live under a government of their own making for the preservation of their political, economic and social interest.”

 

Factors Aiding the Rise of Nigerian Nationalism:

1. Impact of Western Education and Ideas:
   1. Provided a common language for West African nationalism.
   2. Influential figures: Kwame Nkrumah, Jimi Solanke, W.E.B. Dubois, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Sir Herbert Macaulay, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, among others.

 

2. World Depression:
3. The First World War caused economic depression, fostering nationalistic sentiments.

 

3. Economic Exploitation:
4. Monopoly of trade by European firms led to exploitation, fueling nationalism.

 

4. Rising Cost of Living:
5. Increased prices made life unbearable, prompting nationalist movements.

 

5. Role of the Press:
6. Publications like West African Pilot, Lagos Weekly Record, and others exposed colonialism’s injustices.

 

6. Emergence of Political Parties:
7. Political parties like NNDP, CPP, and NCNC, led by prominent figures, spurred nationalist fervour.

 

Effects of Nationalism in Nigeria and West Africa:

1. Formation of political parties.
2. Provided political education to the masses.
3. Contributed to rapid economic growth.
4. Enhanced international recognition of West Africa.

 

Key Nationalist Leaders and Their Contributions:

Herbert Macaulay (1864–1946):

1. Founded Nigerian National Democratic Party in 1923.
2. Co-founded Daily News.

 

Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996):

1. Co-founder and editor of West Africa Pilot.
2. Co-founded National Council of Nigeria and Cameroon.

 

Sir Ahmadu Bello (1909–1966):

1. Co-founder of Northern People’s Congress.
2. Established schools to raise awareness.

 

Chief Obafemi Awolowo (1909–1987):

1. Co-founder of Trades Union Congress.
2. Premier of Western Region, introduced free education policy.

This comprehensive overview illustrates the multifaceted nature of Nigerian nationalism and the pivotal role played by key figures in its development.

Related Posts:

Advantages Of Colonial Rule

The System Of Indirect Rule In Western Nigeria

Colonial Administration (Historical Background)

Types And Characteristics Of Government

Political Socialization